Life Span and Development

Question: Examine about the Life Span and Development. Answer: Presentation: Progeria is an extremely uncommon hereditary issue. In the video I saw that in this uncommon and incredible illness, the youngster creates manifestations of untimely maturing. The normal life expectancy of a human experiencing progeria is thirteen years. After a nearby watch, I saw that the narrative Life According to Sam portrays the tale of a youngster experiencing the lethal sickness progeria. It shows the battle of the guardians of the little Sam to spare him from this uncommon and lethal infection. Sam was conceived of guardians Dr. Scott Berns and Dr. Leslie Gordon. At the point when the malady was identified, Dr Leslie Gordon was in the principal year of her clinical residency. As indicated by my examination and investigation, when the infection was first found in 1988, there was no exploration, no treatment and no establishment. Inside a half year of conclusion, Scott Leslie and Audrey made The Plagiarism Research Foundation. I found that it was Dr. Scott and Dr. Leslie who r ecognized the quality to blame inside a range of ten years. In this malady, kids create cardiovascular sicknesses that elderly individuals for the most part endure. They don't have an ordinary cardiovascular framework. Kids experiencing progeria have a high substance of progerin in their qualities. This quality ages the cardiovascular arrangement of the body. The narrative takes us to the life and excursion of the progeria hit youngster Sam who was determined to have progeria at two years old. The ailment was first found by Hutchinson in 1886. Quite a while later, in 1894, broad exploration was finished by Gilford. He distributed a progression of photos portraying the sign of progeria at various stages. Sam, not at all like numerous different patients experiencing such deadly maladies makes an intrigue to the watchers that they should not feel awful for him in view of the compassion that is given to youngsters like Sam. Like the guardians of Sam, I consider guardians such patients must have a similar soul of appreciating life. The individuals around such kids must be a wellspring of motivation. Guardians of youngsters like Sam are exceptionally cautious and perceptive with the maturing kid. This demeanor is a lot of self-evident. Be that as it may, as I would see it, guardians and relatives must treat these kids regularly and have a positive and hopeful mentality. The narrative shows that youngsters experiencing progeria were united. They experienced in excess of hundred tests for over five days at Boston Childrens Hospital. We can perceive how Sam feels isolated and disengaged from numerous things that give him his character. Youngsters needed to persevere through various needles. The most noticeably terrible part about the test was the clinical photography that Sam needed to experience. Such a treatment causes them to feel like an example. In any case, he keeps up effortlessness all through the meeting. We, if there should arise an occurrence of Sam Berns, can apply the adapting hypothesis of Folkman and Lazarus that is large scale diagnostic in root. Lazarus indicates adapting techniques and orders them into eight gatherings. This incorporates looking for help from society, self-controlling, positive reappraisal, tolerating duty, escape-shirking, removing, planful critical thinking, and confrontative adapting. The story isn't just about how Sam adapts to his illness, yet in addition about his moms battle to spare his child from the lethal progeria. We discover Dr. Scott Berns and Dr. Leslie Gordon continually tolerating their obligation, looking for social help, keeping up poise, and attempting to explain and fix the illness planfully to fix the youngsters experiencing progeria. Sam has a constructive reappraisal towards his life and doesn't need individuals to feel terrible about him. I think we, at numerous purposes within recent memory likewise want to be an example and an object of look. Something that is uncommon and stands apart of the group is inclined to draw the consideration of the individuals. In such a circumstance, the vast majority feel being scared and eager. A large portion of the occasions we don't prefer to catch the eye of the group. The narrative and the life of Sam give its watchers a remarkable chance to instruct understudies and take a gander at the more brilliant side of life. The incredible assurance and soul of such youngsters is extremely motivating to me. Each hindrance in life must be confronted with a grin. As a medical attendant, rewarding a youngster experiencing progeria might be somewhat troublesome. A progeria understanding experiences maturing yet the psychological advancement is that of a youngster. In such a case, it might be hard for a medical caretaker to not permit the youngster to do the exercises that an ordinary kid does. As a medical attendant, I would not regard such a youngster as not quite the same as the rest. I would guarantee that he doesn't feel detached and like an example. The uniqueness of the kid must be remembered during the treatment. I will treat him remembering the nobility of the patient. It is critical to understand that nature and environmental factors of the patient deeply affect the brain science of a patient. He should not be dealt with like a patient constantly. A pleasant and benevolent condition is useful for the kid. Nonetheless, the youngster must not be demonstrated an excessive amount of care and compassion constantly. Such a conduct and demean or may cause him to feel separated. Being a medical caretaker, it is fundamental that the respect and estimation of the patient is kept up.

Assignment Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Task - Research Proposal Example Back cruciate tendon (PCL) wounds are the most uncommon injuries.(1-JM) Most speculated knee issue become analyzed first through regular radiographs (X-beams). These radiographs are viable in exhibiting breaks in light of the fact that the show bones and joint spaces. Their affectability to delicate tissue conditions stays low with the exception of in conditions where the tissues contain mush calcium or fat. X-beams are likewise generally unfeeling toward annihilation of medullary bone and loss of ligament too. The essential assessment comprises of sidelong and bet back (AP) projections of the knee.(Carmen Martä ±Ã¢'n-Hervaâ's) Radiographs and CTs stay viable modalities for post-usable imaging following ACL reproduction. CTs, be that as it may, delineate femoral passage in more precise way than radiographs. The radiation dose in any case, is practically twofold that of the radiographs and this should be powerful viewed as while using CTs over radiographs ( Anagha et al). Plain radiographs furnish restricted help with managing sports related wounds. They must be demonstrated in conditions where there is critical effect injury. Positive discoveries are be that as it may, sometimes exhibited in ACL disturbances, where there is sorrow of the parallel femoral indent, and segond crack. Processed Tomography (CT) gives compelling examination to arranging break of the tibia level. Ultrasound imaging is used negligibly along with attractive reverberation imaging while breaking down numerous knee wounds. Ultrasound gets solid in appraisal of quadriceps and patellar ligaments, when side effects of injury are situated inside the foremost joint, and are central. Ultrasound effectively recognizes security tendons. Wounds to these tendons are anyway connected with confusion and MRI gets basic in exhibiting the full range of the injury (12-EUGENE G). X-ray uses high delicate tissue differentiate and multiplanar ability in

How to Identify and Cope With Emotional Abuse

How to Identify and Cope With Emotional Abuse Relationships Violence and Abuse Print How to Identify and Cope With Emotional Abuse By Sherri Gordon facebook twitter Sherri Gordon is a published author and a bullying prevention expert. Learn about our editorial policy Sherri Gordon Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on January 21, 2020 Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Feeling insulted and wounded.  Never measuring up. Walking on eggshells.  If these statements describe your relationship, it is likely you are being emotionally abused. In general, a relationship is emotionally abusive when there is a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviors that wear down a persons self-esteem and undermine their  mental health.?? Whats more, mental or emotional abuse, while most common in dating and married relationships, can occur in any relationship including among friends, family members, and coworkers. Emotional abuse is one of the hardest forms of abuse to recognize. It can be subtle and insidious or overt and manipulative. Either way, it chips away at the victims self-esteem and they begin to doubt their perceptions and reality. The underlying goal in emotional abuse is to control the victim by discrediting, isolating, and silencing. In the end, the victim feels trapped. They are often too wounded to endure the relationship any longer, but also too afraid to leave. So the cycle just repeats itself until something is done. Impact of Emotional Abuse When emotional abuse is severe and ongoing, a victim may lose their entire sense of self, sometimes without a single mark or bruise. Instead, the wounds are invisible to others, hidden in the self-doubt, worthlessness and self-loathing the victim feels. In fact, research indicates that the consequences of emotional abuse are just as severe as those from physical abuse.?? Over time, the accusations, verbal abuse, name-calling,  criticisms, and gaslighting erode a victims sense of self so much that they can no longer see themselves realistically. Consequently, the victim begins to agree with the abuser and becomes internally critical.  Once this happens, most victims become trapped in the abusive relationship believing that they will never be good enough for anyone else. Emotional abuse can even impact friendships because emotionally abused people often worry about how people truly see them and if they truly like them.  Eventually, victims  will pull back from friendships and isolate themselves, convinced that no one likes them. Whats more, emotional abuse can cause a number of health problems including everything from depression and anxiety to stomach ulcers, heart palpitations, eating disorders, and insomnia. How to Spot the Signs of Emotional Abuse When examining your own relationship, remember that emotional abuse is often subtle. As a result, it can be very  hard to detect. If you are having trouble discerning whether or not your relationship is abusive, stop and think about how  the interactions with your partner, friend or family member make you feel. If you feel wounded, frustrated, confused, misunderstood, depressed, anxious or worthless any time you interact, chances are high that your relationship is emotionally abusive. Here are  signs that you may be in an emotionally abusive relationship. Keep in mind, even if your partner only does a handful of these things, you are still in an emotionally abusive relationship. Do not fall into the trap of telling yourself its not that bad and minimizing their  behavior. Remember, everyone deserves to be treated with kindness and respect. Emotionally abusive people display unrealistic expectations. Some examples include: Making unreasonable demands of youExpecting you to put everything aside and meet their needsDemanding you spend all of your time togetherBeing dissatisfied no matter how hard you try or how much you giveCriticizing you for not completing tasks according to their standardsExpecting you to share their opinions (you are not permitted to have a different opinion)Demanding that you name exact dates and times when discussing  things that upset you (when you cannot do this,  they dismisses the event as if it never happened) ?Emotionally abusive people invalidate you. Some examples include: Undermining, dismissing, or distorting your perceptions or your realityRefusing to accept your feelings by trying to define how you should feelRequiring you to explain and explain and explain how you feelAccusing you of being too sensitive, too emotional, or crazyRefusing to acknowledge or accept your opinions or ideas as validDismissing your requests, wants, and needs as ridiculous or unmeritedSuggesting  that your perceptions are wrong or that you cannot be trusted by saying things like youre blowing this out of proportion or you exaggerateAccusing you of being selfish, needy or materialistic if you express your wants or needs (the expectation is that you should not have any wants or  needs) ?Emotionally abusive people create chaos. Some examples include: Starting arguments for the sake of arguingMaking confusing and contradictory statements (sometimes called crazy-making)Having drastic mood changes or sudden emotional outburstsNitpicking at your clothes, your hair, your work, and moreBehaving so erratically and unpredictably that you feel like you are walking on eggshells ?Emotionally abusive people use emotional blackmail. Some examples include: Manipulating and controlling you by making you feel guiltyHumiliating you in public or in privateUsing your fears, values, compassion or other hot buttons to control you or the situationExaggerating your flaws or pointing them out in order to deflect attention or to avoid taking responsibility for their  poor choices or mistakesDenying that an event took place or lying about itPunishing you by withholding affection Emotionally abusive people act superior and entitled. Some examples include: Treating you like you are inferiorBlaming you for their  mistakes and shortcomingsDoubting everything you say and attempting to prove you wrongMaking jokes at your expenseTelling you that your opinions, ideas, values, and thoughts are stupid, illogical or do not make senseTalking down to you or being condescendingUsing sarcasm when interacting with youActing like they are  always right, knows what is best and is smarter ?Emotionally abusive people attempt to isolate and control you. Some examples include: Controlling who you see or spend time with including time with friends and family??Monitoring your phone calls, text messages, social media, and emailAccusing you of cheating  and being jealous of outside relationships??Taking or hiding your car keysDemanding to know where you are at all times or using GPS to track your every move??Treating you like a possession or propertyCriticizing or making fun of  your friends, family, and coworkersUsing jealousy and envy as a sign of love and to keep you from being with othersCoercing you into spending all of your time togetherControlling the finances?? If you suspect your partner, family member or friend may be emotionally abusing you,  contact a counselor, an advocate or a pastor for assistance. You also can call the National Domestic Violence Hotline 1-800-799-SAFE(7233) or visit their website thehotline.org and chat online with someone right away. 7 Ways to Deal With Emotional Abuse The first step in dealing with an emotionally abusive relationship is to recognize that it is happening. If you were able to identify any aspect of emotional abuse in your relationship, it is important to acknowledge that first and foremost. By being honest about what you are experiencing, you can begin to take control of your life again. Here are seven more strategies for reclaiming your life that you can put into practice today. Make your mental and physical health a priority. Stop worrying about pleasing the person abusing you. Take care of your needs. Do something that will help you think positive and affirm who you are. Also, be sure to get an appropriate amount of rest and eat healthy meals. These simple self-care steps can go a long way in helping you deal with the day-to-day stresses of emotional abuse.?? Establish boundaries with the abuser.  Firmly tell the abusive person that they may no longer yell at you, call you names, insult you, be rude to you, and so on. Then, tell them  what will happen if they choose to engage in this behavior. For instance, tell them  that if they call you names or insult you, the conversation will be over and you will leave the room. The key is to follow through on your boundaries. Do not communicate boundaries that you have no intention of keeping. Stop blaming yourself. If you have been in an emotionally abusive relationship for any amount of time, you may believe that there is something severely wrong with you. Why else would someone who says they love you act like this, right? But you are not the problem. Abuse is a choice. So stop blaming yourself for something you have no control over. Realize that you cannot fix the abusive person. Despite your best efforts, you will never be able to change an emotionally abusive person by doing something different or by being different. An abusive person makes a choice to behave abusively. Remind yourself that you cannot control their  actions and that you are not to blame for their choices. The only thing you can fix or control is your response. Do not engage with an abusive person. In other words, if an abuser tries to start an argument with you, begins insulting you, demands things from you or rages with jealousy, do not try to make explanations, soothe their  feelings or make apologies for things you did not do. Simply walk away from the situation if you can. Engaging with an abuser only sets you up for more abuse and heartache. No matter how hard you try, you will not be able to make things right in their eyes. Build a support network. Stop being silent about the abuse you are experiencing. Talk to a trusted friend, family member or even a counselor about what you are experiencing. Take time away from the abusive person as much as possible and spend time with people who love and support you.?? This network of  healthy friends and confidantes will help you feel less lonely and isolated. They also can speak truth into your life and help you put things into perspective. Work on an exit plan. If your partner, friend, or family member has no intention of changing or working on their poor choices, you will not be able to remain in the abusive relationship forever. It will eventually take a toll on you both mentally and physically. Depending on your situation, you may need to take steps to end the relationship. Each situation is different; so discuss your thoughts and ideas with a trusted friend, family member or counselor.??

Who Are the Rohingya of Myanmar (Burma)

The Rohingya are a Muslim minority population living mainly in the state of Arakan, in the country known as Myanmar (formerly Burma). Although approximately 800,000 Rohingya live in Myanmar, and although their ancestors have lived in the region for centuries, the current Burmese government does not recognize Rohingya people as citizens. People without a state, the Rohingya face harsh persecution in Myanmar, and in refugee camps in neighboring Bangladesh and Thailand as well. Arrival and History in Arakan The first Muslims to settle in Arakan were in the area by the 15th century CE. Many served in the court of the Buddhist King Narameikhla (Min Saw Mun), who ruled Arakan in the 1430s, and who welcomed Muslim advisers and courtiers into his capital. Arakan is on the western border of Burma, near what is now Bangladesh, and the later Arakanese kings modeled themselves after the Mughal emperors, even using Muslim titles for their military and court officials. In 1785, Buddhist Burmese from the south of the country conquered Arakan. They drove out or executed all of the Muslim Rohingya men they could find, and about 35,000 of Arakans people likely fled into Bengal, then part of the British Raj in India. Under the Rule of the British Raj In 1826, the British took control of Arakan after the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826). They encouraged farmers from Bengal to move to the depopulated area of Arakan, including both Rohingyas originally from the area and native Bengalis. The sudden influx of immigrants from British India sparked a strong reaction from the mostly-Buddhist Rakhine people living in Arakan at the time, sowing the seeds of ethnic tension that remain to this day. When World War II broke out, Britain abandoned Arakan in the face of Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia. In the chaos of Britains withdrawal, both Muslim and Buddhist forces took the opportunity to inflict massacres on one another. Many Rohingya still looked to Britain for protection and served as spies behind Japanese lines for the Allied Powers. When the Japanese discovered this connection, they embarked on a hideous program of torture, rape, and murder against the Rohingyas in Arakan. Tens of thousands of Arakanese Rohingyas once again fled into Bengal. Between the end of World War II and General Ne Wins coup detat in 1962, the Rohingyas advocated for a separate Rohingya nation in Arakan. When the military junta took power in Yangon, however, it cracked down hard on Rohingyas, separatists and non-political people alike. It also denied Burmese citizenship to the Rohingya people, defining them instead as stateless Bengalis.   Modern Era Since that time, the Rohingya in Myanmar have lived in limbo.  Under recent leaders, they have faced increasing persecution and attacks, even in some cases from Buddhist monks.  Those who escape out to sea, as thousands have done, face an uncertain fate; the governments of Muslim nations around Southeast Asia including Malaysia and Indonesia have refused to accept them as refugees.  Some of those who turn up in Thailand have been victimized by human traffickers,  or even set adrift again on the sea by Thai military forces.  Australia has adamantly refused to accept any Rohingya on its shores, as well. In May of 2015, the Philippines pledged to create camps to house 3,000 of the Rohingya boat-people.  Working with the United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR), the Philippines government continues to provide temporary shelter for Rohingya refugees and provide for their basic needs, while a more permanent solution is sought.  Over 1 million Rohingya refugees are in Bangladesh as of September 2018. Persecutions of Rohingya people in Myanmar continue to this day. Major crackdowns by the Burmese government including extrajudicial killings, gang rapes, arson, and infanticides were reported in 2016 and 2017. Hundreds of thousands of Rohingyas have fled the violence.   Worldwide criticism of the de facto Myanmar leader and Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi has not abated the issue.   Sources Myanmar Rohingya: What You Need to Know About the Crisis. BBC News April 24, 2018. Print.Parnini, Syeda Naushin. The Crisis of the Rohingya as a Muslim Minority in Myanmar and Bilateral Relations with Bangladesh. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 33.2 (2013): 281-97. Print.Rahman, Utpala. The Rohingya Refugee: A Security Dilemma for Bangladesh. Journal of Immigrant Refugee Studies 8.2 (2010): 233-39. Print.Ullah, Akm Ahsan. Rohingya Refugees to Bangladesh: Historical Exclusions and Contemporary Marginalization. Journal of Immigrant Refugee Studies 9.2 (2011): 139-61. Print.

Reflection On Experiential Family Therapy - 2373 Words

Experiential Theory Candida A. Phelps Liberty University Experiential Family Therapy In current practices of psychodynamic family therapy, it leans towards integration and diversity in recognition of the limitations of any single therapeutic model (Evans, 2012). A wide variety of family therapies have arose which may be described as psycho-dynamic and there is not an opportunity to address all of them. This review will discuss experiential family therapy. In the early twentieth century, the foundations of the psychodynamic theory was laid by Sigmund Freud. Freud focused his attention mainly on individuals and not so much on the family, but he did recognize that family is important in human development (Evans, 2012). Yet, succeeding theoreticians plus family counselors have utilized the ideologies of psychoanalysis in the expansion of family therapy (Evans, 2012). Ludwig Binswanger, a psychologist who disagreed with Freud’s theories of human beings, is said to have brought the concepts of existential and phenomenological thought into the field of psychology (Mahrer, 1983). With the dissatisfaction of the limitations of Freud’s theory, Binswanger started to search outside the existing areas of psychological theories for other models to explain the thoughts and behavior of individuals (Mahrer, 1983). The experiential theory for family therapy was developed by Virginia Satir (Satir, et al, 1991) and Carl Whitaker (Whitaker and Bumberry, 1988) and can be looselyShow MoreRelatedMulti-Mother, Depression, And, Or Patety And Children With Postpartum Depression1601 Words   |  7 Pages MP focuses on mental health, parenting skills, child development, child attachment needs, and self-care for mothers, who currently have or have had a history of psychopathology and/or trauma (Muzik et al., 2015, p. 4). MP utilizes a multi-family group therapy approach based on trauma theory and attachment theory that includes 13 sessions in total. There are 3 individual sessions that occur before, during, and after the other 10 weekly group sessions that include 6 mothers and their children (MuzikRead MoreHumanistic Theory1377 Words   |  6 PagesExperiential and Humanistic Theory As a person goes through life and has ups and downs, their ability to handle the stress varies from person to person. At times, a person has difficulties maintaining all the pressures of issues that sometimes feel to manifest into deep sensations of falling. Not knowing where to turn or where to go to get a clear view of what it is that may has them continuing to feel all of the world is against them. Many people rely on friends and family to get that earRead MoreAn Early Influence On Family Therapy1313 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"Family therapy is psychotherapeutic treatment of the family to bring about better psychological functioning† (Sharf, 2012. P. 533). An early influence on family therapy include Ackerman’s approach of becoming emotionally involved while looking for unconscious themes in the family; this approach is used by a family therapist, but there is not a clear method of therapy. There is a study of communication patterns in families with members h aving symptoms of schizophrenia that defined the dysfunctionalRead MoreEssay on Wilderness Therapy and Conventional Therapy1696 Words   |  7 Pagesmore difficult to treat with conventional therapy, there is a greater need for more modern and creative therapy. Even more so, individuals are seeking treatment at a younger age and need more interventions to fit their needs. Wilderness therapy is a newer intervention found to be effective with youth and adolescents. This paper will examine the major components of wilderness therapy, the mental health disorders treated, the setting in which wilderness therapy is used, the appropriate client populationsRead MoreGesalt Theory Research3114 Words   |  13 Pages Family Counseling Approach Research Gestalt Family Therapy Gretchen Thomas Liberty University Abstract Not every client will be of the Christian faith. With that known, proper integration of psychology, spirituality and theology is imperative to have a successful and healthy therapeutic relationship. There are many theorists with distinctively diverse approaches. The Gestalt experiential family therapy process allows professionals the flexibilityRead MoreDifferent Theories About Learning Styles Essay2112 Words   |  9 Pagesmost engaging, and, attractive for them. Theories about learning styles agree that all people can be classified according to their style of learning. In this paper different theories about learning styles are reviewed briefly. At the end, Gendlin experiential theory is reviewed in detail. Learning styles VARK There is a model that use to classify some of the most common ways of individuals learning styles. The name of this model is VARKRead MoreTheory Of Group Counseling Paper1438 Words   |  6 Pagesassisting client changes; Discuss the elements or factors contributing to the development of the group, and changes and growth of the clients; Describe your role as a group leader and therapist in the group Personal Reflection Through textbooks, articles, lectures, and experiential activities, I have recently had the opportunity to learn, first-hand, how a group develops. Each group, dependent upon their allotted time, style, and cohesion, journeys through the four levels of group development. HavingRead MoreUse Of Prayer And Scripture On Cognitive Behavioral Therapy1160 Words   |  5 PagesUse of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy Summary Siang-Yang Tan, a psychologist that has been in the field for over 25 years wrote a journal on the Use of Prayer and Scripture in Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy. This journal â€Å"covers the appropriate and ethical use of prayer, including inner healing prayer, and Scripture in a Christian approach to cognitive-behavioral therapy† (Tan, 2007). In this journal he expounded on the methods he used through his experience to ethically provideRead MoreFamily Focused Therapy Models Within The Context Of Grief And Bereavement1543 Words   |  7 Pagespurpose of this paper is to analyze family focused therapy models within the context of grief and bereavement. Of note, bereavement and grief often accompany a wide variety of losses however, this paper will specifically focus on the physical loss or death of an immediate family member. First, this paper will provide a brief background of bereavement, illustrating the stages of grief and potential consequences. Additionally, it will exa mine the role of family in relation to the experience of bereavementRead MoreWilderness Therapy : An Alternative Therapy1442 Words   |  6 PagesWilderness Therapy The wilderness is a place known for peacefulness and can have physical and psychological benefits (Hassell, Moore Macbeth, 2015). Wilderness therapy is an alternative therapy, influenced by Outward Bound, which is an outdoor education company with programs for youth and adults. (Hoag, Massey, Roberts, Logan, 2013). Wilderness therapy combines group work, reflection, challenges and trust building exercises, varied length, and clinical assessment (Russell, 2001). Wilderness

Mental Health And Rural And Remote Practice - 1661 Words

The purpose of this essay is to apply critical thinking and awareness by comparing and contrasting two chosen fields of practice being mental health and rural and remote practice. This paper will discuss a brief historical outline in regards to both fields, together with a statistical overview of certain challenges and concerns that occur within the field of mental health and rural and remote practice. An emphasis will placed on the challenges faced by the client, while comparing and contrasting issues such as social disadvantage, infrastructure, drugs and alcohol misuse. Likewise, challenges faced by the worker and a comparison of the interventions used in both fields, along with the diversity of the two working environments and the†¦show more content†¦The history of the Australian mental health system dates back as far as the early settlers, with asylums and institutions being commonplace (Willis, E, Reynolds, L, Keleher, H 2013). By the 1950s deinstitutionalization wa s becoming a common occurrence, which led directly to the more recent community-based services being developed. Mental healthcare began shifting from custodial care in institutions to supporting patients returning to the community (Willis, E, Reynolds, L, Keleher, H 2013). Although, the Australian government has strived to create a comprehensive mental health service there are still many concerns. There is also a long history in regards to Australian rural and remote health, although, the magnitude of issues occurring in this sector took some years to surface. History shows us that significant concerns first started to emerge during the 1970s. The issues were confronting and required the Australian government to urgently address the myriad of health issues occurring in regional areas. Two of the main concerns transpiring in this area were relating to indigenous health and misuse of drugs and alcohol. As a result, countless rural health initiatives and projects were funded in o rder to address rural issues. Unfortunately, the health and wellbeing in these communities still remains significantly poorer then their city counterparts (Willis, E, Reynolds, L, Keleher, H 2013). The Client Many challenges exist for mentally ill clients and

Differences between the PCAOB and the International Auditing and Assur

Question: Discuss about the Auditing Assurance and Key Changes. Answer: Key Changes The key changes that have been adopted by PCAOB in order to enhance the usefulness as well as the relevance of the report of auditor through providing important and additional information to the investors. According to the new standard, critical audit matters (CAMs) need to be discussed in the auditor's report and these matters are required to communicate to audit committee(Weingarten, 2017). These are related to the disclosure or the accounts that are important for the financial statement. In the new standard, the report of auditor will disclose, among the other things and an auditor's tenure. The investors will be allowed to have to view the audit and also provided with the useful information for the purpose to make the important decisions(PCAOB, 2017). Differences between the PCAOB and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) Audit Reporting Requirements The approaches that are taken by IAASB and PCAOB for the purpose of enhancing the report of auditor are similar. The approach is used in order to provide transparency in a higher proportion, to the investors and others as well, that is related to the matters of audit and establishing the two-way communication during the process of audit with TCWG. Differences In case of IAASB standard, description of KAM for the related disclosure should address: why matter is significant in audit? and how matter was addressed in audit? However, in case of PCAOB reproposal, for every CAM that is communicated, the auditor need to: identify CAM, describe the main considerations for determination of CAM, how it is addressed, and finally refer to financial statement accounts and the disclosure related to CAM. IAASB standard requires that the identification of ethical requirements that are related as well as independent of the auditor should be stated in a statement in Basis for Opinion section, along with that, it should be also stated that the auditor has fulfilled all the ethical responsibilities. While PCAOB reproposal requires a statement in Basis for Opinion section as evidence that auditor is independent and is a registered public accounting firm with PCAOB included. IAASB standards requires disclosure of engagement partners name. On other hand in PCAOB , engagement partners as well as other accounting firms should be disclosed along with the audited entities. In both IAASB and PCAOB, the opinion section should be presented and after that Basis for Opinion selection. However, in case of IAASB, a different order may be followed if prescribed by law or regulation. In case of IAASB, the modification of the opinion by the auditor should be included in Basis for Opinion section while in PCAOB, opinion modification should be included in Opinion section. As per IAASB standards, all the responsibilities related to the management, auditor's responsibility, features of audit should be described separately in auditor's report. Also, the paragraphs related to emphasis of matter as well as the other matter are also needed in certain circumstances. However, in case of PCAOB emphasis paragraph should be included. Also, standardized language enhancements should be described in PCAOB standards for acquiring the reasonable assurance. Similarities There are many similarities between PCAOB and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). Both PCAOB and IAASB used the similar approach for the enhancement by providing the high level of transparency to the investors and other as well as established the two-way communication which will take place between the investors and the audit committee during the process of auditing and making auditing report by the auditor. Both requires to identify the communication matters to be CAM or KAM and only for the current period. Both requires providing with the description of the matter for the purpose to prevent standardized language and reveal the particular circumstances of matter. d) Introductory language is included in both PCAOB and IAASB(IAASB, 2016). Reasons/Motivation for the Changes and Critique The change has been introduced in the auditor's report. The motivation or the reasons behind the change in the auditor's report is that, by the involvement of the transparency and establishment of the two-way communication in the process of audit with the investors, will be able to help in managing a sound relationship during the audit reporting process, through the disclosure of the requirements for the auditing report between the audit committee and the investors and the others. The two-way communication enhances the relationship between the investors, others who make use of the auditor's report and the audit committee (Clearygottlieb, 2017). Likely Impact of the New Audit Reporting Requirements On Audit Practice The impact of the audit reporting on audit practice is that the disclosure of the major statements and the related facts in the new reporting system has enabled a transparency in the process of auditing among the invertors and the audit committee. The information about the auditor, the description of the CAM and KAM along with the basis of these matters, description of the specific responsibilities, and disclosure of the engagement partners as well as the modification in the option helped in providing the high level of transparency, which will help in carrying out the audit in a sound manner. The practices have become more extended as the disclosure of the different essential facts takes time, but it will allow carrying the process of audit reporting in a smoother manner. The risk of misstatement will not occur. The financial statement will be able to disclose in a transparent manner and will also benefit the public interest(Iodsa, 2015). References Clearygottlieb. (2017). New PCAOB Standard Will Mean Big Changes in Audit Reports . Clearygottlieb.com. IAASB. (2016). The New Auditors Report:A Comparison between the ISAs and the US PCAOB Reproposal. New York: IAASB. Iodsa. (2015). The impact of the new auditors report. Retrieved from www.iodsa.co.za: https://www.iodsa.co.za/news/241065/The-impact-of-the-new-auditors-report.htm PCAOB. (2017). PCAOB Adopts New Standard to Enhance the Relevance and Usefulness of the Auditor's Report with Additional Information for Investors. Pcaobus.org. Weingarten, N. (2017). PCAOB requests comment on reproposal to significantly change the auditors report. Pwc.com.