Life Span and Development

Question: Examine about the Life Span and Development. Answer: Presentation: Progeria is an extremely uncommon hereditary issue. In the video I saw that in this uncommon and incredible illness, the youngster creates manifestations of untimely maturing. The normal life expectancy of a human experiencing progeria is thirteen years. After a nearby watch, I saw that the narrative Life According to Sam portrays the tale of a youngster experiencing the lethal sickness progeria. It shows the battle of the guardians of the little Sam to spare him from this uncommon and lethal infection. Sam was conceived of guardians Dr. Scott Berns and Dr. Leslie Gordon. At the point when the malady was identified, Dr Leslie Gordon was in the principal year of her clinical residency. As indicated by my examination and investigation, when the infection was first found in 1988, there was no exploration, no treatment and no establishment. Inside a half year of conclusion, Scott Leslie and Audrey made The Plagiarism Research Foundation. I found that it was Dr. Scott and Dr. Leslie who r ecognized the quality to blame inside a range of ten years. In this malady, kids create cardiovascular sicknesses that elderly individuals for the most part endure. They don't have an ordinary cardiovascular framework. Kids experiencing progeria have a high substance of progerin in their qualities. This quality ages the cardiovascular arrangement of the body. The narrative takes us to the life and excursion of the progeria hit youngster Sam who was determined to have progeria at two years old. The ailment was first found by Hutchinson in 1886. Quite a while later, in 1894, broad exploration was finished by Gilford. He distributed a progression of photos portraying the sign of progeria at various stages. Sam, not at all like numerous different patients experiencing such deadly maladies makes an intrigue to the watchers that they should not feel awful for him in view of the compassion that is given to youngsters like Sam. Like the guardians of Sam, I consider guardians such patients must have a similar soul of appreciating life. The individuals around such kids must be a wellspring of motivation. Guardians of youngsters like Sam are exceptionally cautious and perceptive with the maturing kid. This demeanor is a lot of self-evident. Be that as it may, as I would see it, guardians and relatives must treat these kids regularly and have a positive and hopeful mentality. The narrative shows that youngsters experiencing progeria were united. They experienced in excess of hundred tests for over five days at Boston Childrens Hospital. We can perceive how Sam feels isolated and disengaged from numerous things that give him his character. Youngsters needed to persevere through various needles. The most noticeably terrible part about the test was the clinical photography that Sam needed to experience. Such a treatment causes them to feel like an example. In any case, he keeps up effortlessness all through the meeting. We, if there should arise an occurrence of Sam Berns, can apply the adapting hypothesis of Folkman and Lazarus that is large scale diagnostic in root. Lazarus indicates adapting techniques and orders them into eight gatherings. This incorporates looking for help from society, self-controlling, positive reappraisal, tolerating duty, escape-shirking, removing, planful critical thinking, and confrontative adapting. The story isn't just about how Sam adapts to his illness, yet in addition about his moms battle to spare his child from the lethal progeria. We discover Dr. Scott Berns and Dr. Leslie Gordon continually tolerating their obligation, looking for social help, keeping up poise, and attempting to explain and fix the illness planfully to fix the youngsters experiencing progeria. Sam has a constructive reappraisal towards his life and doesn't need individuals to feel terrible about him. I think we, at numerous purposes within recent memory likewise want to be an example and an object of look. Something that is uncommon and stands apart of the group is inclined to draw the consideration of the individuals. In such a circumstance, the vast majority feel being scared and eager. A large portion of the occasions we don't prefer to catch the eye of the group. The narrative and the life of Sam give its watchers a remarkable chance to instruct understudies and take a gander at the more brilliant side of life. The incredible assurance and soul of such youngsters is extremely motivating to me. Each hindrance in life must be confronted with a grin. As a medical attendant, rewarding a youngster experiencing progeria might be somewhat troublesome. A progeria understanding experiences maturing yet the psychological advancement is that of a youngster. In such a case, it might be hard for a medical caretaker to not permit the youngster to do the exercises that an ordinary kid does. As a medical attendant, I would not regard such a youngster as not quite the same as the rest. I would guarantee that he doesn't feel detached and like an example. The uniqueness of the kid must be remembered during the treatment. I will treat him remembering the nobility of the patient. It is critical to understand that nature and environmental factors of the patient deeply affect the brain science of a patient. He should not be dealt with like a patient constantly. A pleasant and benevolent condition is useful for the kid. Nonetheless, the youngster must not be demonstrated an excessive amount of care and compassion constantly. Such a conduct and demean or may cause him to feel separated. Being a medical caretaker, it is fundamental that the respect and estimation of the patient is kept up.

Assignment Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Task - Research Proposal Example Back cruciate tendon (PCL) wounds are the most uncommon injuries.(1-JM) Most speculated knee issue become analyzed first through regular radiographs (X-beams). These radiographs are viable in exhibiting breaks in light of the fact that the show bones and joint spaces. Their affectability to delicate tissue conditions stays low with the exception of in conditions where the tissues contain mush calcium or fat. X-beams are likewise generally unfeeling toward annihilation of medullary bone and loss of ligament too. The essential assessment comprises of sidelong and bet back (AP) projections of the knee.(Carmen Martä ±Ã¢'n-Hervaâ's) Radiographs and CTs stay viable modalities for post-usable imaging following ACL reproduction. CTs, be that as it may, delineate femoral passage in more precise way than radiographs. The radiation dose in any case, is practically twofold that of the radiographs and this should be powerful viewed as while using CTs over radiographs ( Anagha et al). Plain radiographs furnish restricted help with managing sports related wounds. They must be demonstrated in conditions where there is critical effect injury. Positive discoveries are be that as it may, sometimes exhibited in ACL disturbances, where there is sorrow of the parallel femoral indent, and segond crack. Processed Tomography (CT) gives compelling examination to arranging break of the tibia level. Ultrasound imaging is used negligibly along with attractive reverberation imaging while breaking down numerous knee wounds. Ultrasound gets solid in appraisal of quadriceps and patellar ligaments, when side effects of injury are situated inside the foremost joint, and are central. Ultrasound effectively recognizes security tendons. Wounds to these tendons are anyway connected with confusion and MRI gets basic in exhibiting the full range of the injury (12-EUGENE G). X-ray uses high delicate tissue differentiate and multiplanar ability in

How to Identify and Cope With Emotional Abuse

How to Identify and Cope With Emotional Abuse Relationships Violence and Abuse Print How to Identify and Cope With Emotional Abuse By Sherri Gordon facebook twitter Sherri Gordon is a published author and a bullying prevention expert. Learn about our editorial policy Sherri Gordon Reviewed by Reviewed by Amy Morin, LCSW on July 01, 2019 facebook twitter instagram Amy Morin, LCSW, is a psychotherapist, author of the bestselling book 13 Things Mentally Strong People Dont Do, and a highly sought-after speaker. Learn about our Wellness Board Amy Morin, LCSW Updated on January 21, 2020 Verywell / Brianna Gilmartin More in Relationships Violence and Abuse Spouses & Partners LGBTQ Feeling insulted and wounded.  Never measuring up. Walking on eggshells.  If these statements describe your relationship, it is likely you are being emotionally abused. In general, a relationship is emotionally abusive when there is a consistent pattern of abusive words and bullying behaviors that wear down a persons self-esteem and undermine their  mental health.?? Whats more, mental or emotional abuse, while most common in dating and married relationships, can occur in any relationship including among friends, family members, and coworkers. Emotional abuse is one of the hardest forms of abuse to recognize. It can be subtle and insidious or overt and manipulative. Either way, it chips away at the victims self-esteem and they begin to doubt their perceptions and reality. The underlying goal in emotional abuse is to control the victim by discrediting, isolating, and silencing. In the end, the victim feels trapped. They are often too wounded to endure the relationship any longer, but also too afraid to leave. So the cycle just repeats itself until something is done. Impact of Emotional Abuse When emotional abuse is severe and ongoing, a victim may lose their entire sense of self, sometimes without a single mark or bruise. Instead, the wounds are invisible to others, hidden in the self-doubt, worthlessness and self-loathing the victim feels. In fact, research indicates that the consequences of emotional abuse are just as severe as those from physical abuse.?? Over time, the accusations, verbal abuse, name-calling,  criticisms, and gaslighting erode a victims sense of self so much that they can no longer see themselves realistically. Consequently, the victim begins to agree with the abuser and becomes internally critical.  Once this happens, most victims become trapped in the abusive relationship believing that they will never be good enough for anyone else. Emotional abuse can even impact friendships because emotionally abused people often worry about how people truly see them and if they truly like them.  Eventually, victims  will pull back from friendships and isolate themselves, convinced that no one likes them. Whats more, emotional abuse can cause a number of health problems including everything from depression and anxiety to stomach ulcers, heart palpitations, eating disorders, and insomnia. How to Spot the Signs of Emotional Abuse When examining your own relationship, remember that emotional abuse is often subtle. As a result, it can be very  hard to detect. If you are having trouble discerning whether or not your relationship is abusive, stop and think about how  the interactions with your partner, friend or family member make you feel. If you feel wounded, frustrated, confused, misunderstood, depressed, anxious or worthless any time you interact, chances are high that your relationship is emotionally abusive. Here are  signs that you may be in an emotionally abusive relationship. Keep in mind, even if your partner only does a handful of these things, you are still in an emotionally abusive relationship. Do not fall into the trap of telling yourself its not that bad and minimizing their  behavior. Remember, everyone deserves to be treated with kindness and respect. Emotionally abusive people display unrealistic expectations. Some examples include: Making unreasonable demands of youExpecting you to put everything aside and meet their needsDemanding you spend all of your time togetherBeing dissatisfied no matter how hard you try or how much you giveCriticizing you for not completing tasks according to their standardsExpecting you to share their opinions (you are not permitted to have a different opinion)Demanding that you name exact dates and times when discussing  things that upset you (when you cannot do this,  they dismisses the event as if it never happened) ?Emotionally abusive people invalidate you. Some examples include: Undermining, dismissing, or distorting your perceptions or your realityRefusing to accept your feelings by trying to define how you should feelRequiring you to explain and explain and explain how you feelAccusing you of being too sensitive, too emotional, or crazyRefusing to acknowledge or accept your opinions or ideas as validDismissing your requests, wants, and needs as ridiculous or unmeritedSuggesting  that your perceptions are wrong or that you cannot be trusted by saying things like youre blowing this out of proportion or you exaggerateAccusing you of being selfish, needy or materialistic if you express your wants or needs (the expectation is that you should not have any wants or  needs) ?Emotionally abusive people create chaos. Some examples include: Starting arguments for the sake of arguingMaking confusing and contradictory statements (sometimes called crazy-making)Having drastic mood changes or sudden emotional outburstsNitpicking at your clothes, your hair, your work, and moreBehaving so erratically and unpredictably that you feel like you are walking on eggshells ?Emotionally abusive people use emotional blackmail. Some examples include: Manipulating and controlling you by making you feel guiltyHumiliating you in public or in privateUsing your fears, values, compassion or other hot buttons to control you or the situationExaggerating your flaws or pointing them out in order to deflect attention or to avoid taking responsibility for their  poor choices or mistakesDenying that an event took place or lying about itPunishing you by withholding affection Emotionally abusive people act superior and entitled. Some examples include: Treating you like you are inferiorBlaming you for their  mistakes and shortcomingsDoubting everything you say and attempting to prove you wrongMaking jokes at your expenseTelling you that your opinions, ideas, values, and thoughts are stupid, illogical or do not make senseTalking down to you or being condescendingUsing sarcasm when interacting with youActing like they are  always right, knows what is best and is smarter ?Emotionally abusive people attempt to isolate and control you. Some examples include: Controlling who you see or spend time with including time with friends and family??Monitoring your phone calls, text messages, social media, and emailAccusing you of cheating  and being jealous of outside relationships??Taking or hiding your car keysDemanding to know where you are at all times or using GPS to track your every move??Treating you like a possession or propertyCriticizing or making fun of  your friends, family, and coworkersUsing jealousy and envy as a sign of love and to keep you from being with othersCoercing you into spending all of your time togetherControlling the finances?? If you suspect your partner, family member or friend may be emotionally abusing you,  contact a counselor, an advocate or a pastor for assistance. You also can call the National Domestic Violence Hotline 1-800-799-SAFE(7233) or visit their website thehotline.org and chat online with someone right away. 7 Ways to Deal With Emotional Abuse The first step in dealing with an emotionally abusive relationship is to recognize that it is happening. If you were able to identify any aspect of emotional abuse in your relationship, it is important to acknowledge that first and foremost. By being honest about what you are experiencing, you can begin to take control of your life again. Here are seven more strategies for reclaiming your life that you can put into practice today. Make your mental and physical health a priority. Stop worrying about pleasing the person abusing you. Take care of your needs. Do something that will help you think positive and affirm who you are. Also, be sure to get an appropriate amount of rest and eat healthy meals. These simple self-care steps can go a long way in helping you deal with the day-to-day stresses of emotional abuse.?? Establish boundaries with the abuser.  Firmly tell the abusive person that they may no longer yell at you, call you names, insult you, be rude to you, and so on. Then, tell them  what will happen if they choose to engage in this behavior. For instance, tell them  that if they call you names or insult you, the conversation will be over and you will leave the room. The key is to follow through on your boundaries. Do not communicate boundaries that you have no intention of keeping. Stop blaming yourself. If you have been in an emotionally abusive relationship for any amount of time, you may believe that there is something severely wrong with you. Why else would someone who says they love you act like this, right? But you are not the problem. Abuse is a choice. So stop blaming yourself for something you have no control over. Realize that you cannot fix the abusive person. Despite your best efforts, you will never be able to change an emotionally abusive person by doing something different or by being different. An abusive person makes a choice to behave abusively. Remind yourself that you cannot control their  actions and that you are not to blame for their choices. The only thing you can fix or control is your response. Do not engage with an abusive person. In other words, if an abuser tries to start an argument with you, begins insulting you, demands things from you or rages with jealousy, do not try to make explanations, soothe their  feelings or make apologies for things you did not do. Simply walk away from the situation if you can. Engaging with an abuser only sets you up for more abuse and heartache. No matter how hard you try, you will not be able to make things right in their eyes. Build a support network. Stop being silent about the abuse you are experiencing. Talk to a trusted friend, family member or even a counselor about what you are experiencing. Take time away from the abusive person as much as possible and spend time with people who love and support you.?? This network of  healthy friends and confidantes will help you feel less lonely and isolated. They also can speak truth into your life and help you put things into perspective. Work on an exit plan. If your partner, friend, or family member has no intention of changing or working on their poor choices, you will not be able to remain in the abusive relationship forever. It will eventually take a toll on you both mentally and physically. Depending on your situation, you may need to take steps to end the relationship. Each situation is different; so discuss your thoughts and ideas with a trusted friend, family member or counselor.??

Who Are the Rohingya of Myanmar (Burma)

The Rohingya are a Muslim minority population living mainly in the state of Arakan, in the country known as Myanmar (formerly Burma). Although approximately 800,000 Rohingya live in Myanmar, and although their ancestors have lived in the region for centuries, the current Burmese government does not recognize Rohingya people as citizens. People without a state, the Rohingya face harsh persecution in Myanmar, and in refugee camps in neighboring Bangladesh and Thailand as well. Arrival and History in Arakan The first Muslims to settle in Arakan were in the area by the 15th century CE. Many served in the court of the Buddhist King Narameikhla (Min Saw Mun), who ruled Arakan in the 1430s, and who welcomed Muslim advisers and courtiers into his capital. Arakan is on the western border of Burma, near what is now Bangladesh, and the later Arakanese kings modeled themselves after the Mughal emperors, even using Muslim titles for their military and court officials. In 1785, Buddhist Burmese from the south of the country conquered Arakan. They drove out or executed all of the Muslim Rohingya men they could find, and about 35,000 of Arakans people likely fled into Bengal, then part of the British Raj in India. Under the Rule of the British Raj In 1826, the British took control of Arakan after the First Anglo-Burmese War (1824–1826). They encouraged farmers from Bengal to move to the depopulated area of Arakan, including both Rohingyas originally from the area and native Bengalis. The sudden influx of immigrants from British India sparked a strong reaction from the mostly-Buddhist Rakhine people living in Arakan at the time, sowing the seeds of ethnic tension that remain to this day. When World War II broke out, Britain abandoned Arakan in the face of Japanese expansion into Southeast Asia. In the chaos of Britains withdrawal, both Muslim and Buddhist forces took the opportunity to inflict massacres on one another. Many Rohingya still looked to Britain for protection and served as spies behind Japanese lines for the Allied Powers. When the Japanese discovered this connection, they embarked on a hideous program of torture, rape, and murder against the Rohingyas in Arakan. Tens of thousands of Arakanese Rohingyas once again fled into Bengal. Between the end of World War II and General Ne Wins coup detat in 1962, the Rohingyas advocated for a separate Rohingya nation in Arakan. When the military junta took power in Yangon, however, it cracked down hard on Rohingyas, separatists and non-political people alike. It also denied Burmese citizenship to the Rohingya people, defining them instead as stateless Bengalis.   Modern Era Since that time, the Rohingya in Myanmar have lived in limbo.  Under recent leaders, they have faced increasing persecution and attacks, even in some cases from Buddhist monks.  Those who escape out to sea, as thousands have done, face an uncertain fate; the governments of Muslim nations around Southeast Asia including Malaysia and Indonesia have refused to accept them as refugees.  Some of those who turn up in Thailand have been victimized by human traffickers,  or even set adrift again on the sea by Thai military forces.  Australia has adamantly refused to accept any Rohingya on its shores, as well. In May of 2015, the Philippines pledged to create camps to house 3,000 of the Rohingya boat-people.  Working with the United Nations High Commission on Refugees (UNHCR), the Philippines government continues to provide temporary shelter for Rohingya refugees and provide for their basic needs, while a more permanent solution is sought.  Over 1 million Rohingya refugees are in Bangladesh as of September 2018. Persecutions of Rohingya people in Myanmar continue to this day. Major crackdowns by the Burmese government including extrajudicial killings, gang rapes, arson, and infanticides were reported in 2016 and 2017. Hundreds of thousands of Rohingyas have fled the violence.   Worldwide criticism of the de facto Myanmar leader and Nobel Peace Prize winner Aung San Suu Kyi has not abated the issue.   Sources Myanmar Rohingya: What You Need to Know About the Crisis. BBC News April 24, 2018. Print.Parnini, Syeda Naushin. The Crisis of the Rohingya as a Muslim Minority in Myanmar and Bilateral Relations with Bangladesh. Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs 33.2 (2013): 281-97. Print.Rahman, Utpala. The Rohingya Refugee: A Security Dilemma for Bangladesh. Journal of Immigrant Refugee Studies 8.2 (2010): 233-39. Print.Ullah, Akm Ahsan. Rohingya Refugees to Bangladesh: Historical Exclusions and Contemporary Marginalization. Journal of Immigrant Refugee Studies 9.2 (2011): 139-61. Print.

Reflection On Experiential Family Therapy - 2373 Words

Experiential Theory Candida A. Phelps Liberty University Experiential Family Therapy In current practices of psychodynamic family therapy, it leans towards integration and diversity in recognition of the limitations of any single therapeutic model (Evans, 2012). A wide variety of family therapies have arose which may be described as psycho-dynamic and there is not an opportunity to address all of them. This review will discuss experiential family therapy. In the early twentieth century, the foundations of the psychodynamic theory was laid by Sigmund Freud. Freud focused his attention mainly on individuals and not so much on the family, but he did recognize that family is important in human development (Evans, 2012). Yet, succeeding theoreticians plus family counselors have utilized the ideologies of psychoanalysis in the expansion of family therapy (Evans, 2012). Ludwig Binswanger, a psychologist who disagreed with Freud’s theories of human beings, is said to have brought the concepts of existential and phenomenological thought into the field of psychology (Mahrer, 1983). With the dissatisfaction of the limitations of Freud’s theory, Binswanger started to search outside the existing areas of psychological theories for other models to explain the thoughts and behavior of individuals (Mahrer, 1983). The experiential theory for family therapy was developed by Virginia Satir (Satir, et al, 1991) and Carl Whitaker (Whitaker and Bumberry, 1988) and can be looselyShow MoreRelatedMulti-Mother, Depression, And, Or Patety And Children With Postpartum Depression1601 Words   |  7 Pages MP focuses on mental health, parenting skills, child development, child attachment needs, and self-care for mothers, who currently have or have had a history of psychopathology and/or trauma (Muzik et al., 2015, p. 4). 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First, this paper will provide a brief background of bereavement, illustrating the stages of grief and potential consequences. Additionally, it will exa mine the role of family in relation to the experience of bereavementRead MoreWilderness Therapy : An Alternative Therapy1442 Words   |  6 PagesWilderness Therapy The wilderness is a place known for peacefulness and can have physical and psychological benefits (Hassell, Moore Macbeth, 2015). Wilderness therapy is an alternative therapy, influenced by Outward Bound, which is an outdoor education company with programs for youth and adults. (Hoag, Massey, Roberts, Logan, 2013). Wilderness therapy combines group work, reflection, challenges and trust building exercises, varied length, and clinical assessment (Russell, 2001). Wilderness

Mental Health And Rural And Remote Practice - 1661 Words

The purpose of this essay is to apply critical thinking and awareness by comparing and contrasting two chosen fields of practice being mental health and rural and remote practice. This paper will discuss a brief historical outline in regards to both fields, together with a statistical overview of certain challenges and concerns that occur within the field of mental health and rural and remote practice. An emphasis will placed on the challenges faced by the client, while comparing and contrasting issues such as social disadvantage, infrastructure, drugs and alcohol misuse. Likewise, challenges faced by the worker and a comparison of the interventions used in both fields, along with the diversity of the two working environments and the†¦show more content†¦The history of the Australian mental health system dates back as far as the early settlers, with asylums and institutions being commonplace (Willis, E, Reynolds, L, Keleher, H 2013). By the 1950s deinstitutionalization wa s becoming a common occurrence, which led directly to the more recent community-based services being developed. Mental healthcare began shifting from custodial care in institutions to supporting patients returning to the community (Willis, E, Reynolds, L, Keleher, H 2013). Although, the Australian government has strived to create a comprehensive mental health service there are still many concerns. There is also a long history in regards to Australian rural and remote health, although, the magnitude of issues occurring in this sector took some years to surface. History shows us that significant concerns first started to emerge during the 1970s. The issues were confronting and required the Australian government to urgently address the myriad of health issues occurring in regional areas. Two of the main concerns transpiring in this area were relating to indigenous health and misuse of drugs and alcohol. As a result, countless rural health initiatives and projects were funded in o rder to address rural issues. Unfortunately, the health and wellbeing in these communities still remains significantly poorer then their city counterparts (Willis, E, Reynolds, L, Keleher, H 2013). The Client Many challenges exist for mentally ill clients and

Differences between the PCAOB and the International Auditing and Assur

Question: Discuss about the Auditing Assurance and Key Changes. Answer: Key Changes The key changes that have been adopted by PCAOB in order to enhance the usefulness as well as the relevance of the report of auditor through providing important and additional information to the investors. According to the new standard, critical audit matters (CAMs) need to be discussed in the auditor's report and these matters are required to communicate to audit committee(Weingarten, 2017). These are related to the disclosure or the accounts that are important for the financial statement. In the new standard, the report of auditor will disclose, among the other things and an auditor's tenure. The investors will be allowed to have to view the audit and also provided with the useful information for the purpose to make the important decisions(PCAOB, 2017). Differences between the PCAOB and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB) Audit Reporting Requirements The approaches that are taken by IAASB and PCAOB for the purpose of enhancing the report of auditor are similar. The approach is used in order to provide transparency in a higher proportion, to the investors and others as well, that is related to the matters of audit and establishing the two-way communication during the process of audit with TCWG. Differences In case of IAASB standard, description of KAM for the related disclosure should address: why matter is significant in audit? and how matter was addressed in audit? However, in case of PCAOB reproposal, for every CAM that is communicated, the auditor need to: identify CAM, describe the main considerations for determination of CAM, how it is addressed, and finally refer to financial statement accounts and the disclosure related to CAM. IAASB standard requires that the identification of ethical requirements that are related as well as independent of the auditor should be stated in a statement in Basis for Opinion section, along with that, it should be also stated that the auditor has fulfilled all the ethical responsibilities. While PCAOB reproposal requires a statement in Basis for Opinion section as evidence that auditor is independent and is a registered public accounting firm with PCAOB included. IAASB standards requires disclosure of engagement partners name. On other hand in PCAOB , engagement partners as well as other accounting firms should be disclosed along with the audited entities. In both IAASB and PCAOB, the opinion section should be presented and after that Basis for Opinion selection. However, in case of IAASB, a different order may be followed if prescribed by law or regulation. In case of IAASB, the modification of the opinion by the auditor should be included in Basis for Opinion section while in PCAOB, opinion modification should be included in Opinion section. As per IAASB standards, all the responsibilities related to the management, auditor's responsibility, features of audit should be described separately in auditor's report. Also, the paragraphs related to emphasis of matter as well as the other matter are also needed in certain circumstances. However, in case of PCAOB emphasis paragraph should be included. Also, standardized language enhancements should be described in PCAOB standards for acquiring the reasonable assurance. Similarities There are many similarities between PCAOB and the International Auditing and Assurance Standards Board (IAASB). Both PCAOB and IAASB used the similar approach for the enhancement by providing the high level of transparency to the investors and other as well as established the two-way communication which will take place between the investors and the audit committee during the process of auditing and making auditing report by the auditor. Both requires to identify the communication matters to be CAM or KAM and only for the current period. Both requires providing with the description of the matter for the purpose to prevent standardized language and reveal the particular circumstances of matter. d) Introductory language is included in both PCAOB and IAASB(IAASB, 2016). Reasons/Motivation for the Changes and Critique The change has been introduced in the auditor's report. The motivation or the reasons behind the change in the auditor's report is that, by the involvement of the transparency and establishment of the two-way communication in the process of audit with the investors, will be able to help in managing a sound relationship during the audit reporting process, through the disclosure of the requirements for the auditing report between the audit committee and the investors and the others. The two-way communication enhances the relationship between the investors, others who make use of the auditor's report and the audit committee (Clearygottlieb, 2017). Likely Impact of the New Audit Reporting Requirements On Audit Practice The impact of the audit reporting on audit practice is that the disclosure of the major statements and the related facts in the new reporting system has enabled a transparency in the process of auditing among the invertors and the audit committee. The information about the auditor, the description of the CAM and KAM along with the basis of these matters, description of the specific responsibilities, and disclosure of the engagement partners as well as the modification in the option helped in providing the high level of transparency, which will help in carrying out the audit in a sound manner. The practices have become more extended as the disclosure of the different essential facts takes time, but it will allow carrying the process of audit reporting in a smoother manner. The risk of misstatement will not occur. The financial statement will be able to disclose in a transparent manner and will also benefit the public interest(Iodsa, 2015). References Clearygottlieb. (2017). New PCAOB Standard Will Mean Big Changes in Audit Reports . Clearygottlieb.com. IAASB. (2016). The New Auditors Report:A Comparison between the ISAs and the US PCAOB Reproposal. New York: IAASB. Iodsa. (2015). The impact of the new auditors report. Retrieved from www.iodsa.co.za: https://www.iodsa.co.za/news/241065/The-impact-of-the-new-auditors-report.htm PCAOB. (2017). PCAOB Adopts New Standard to Enhance the Relevance and Usefulness of the Auditor's Report with Additional Information for Investors. Pcaobus.org. Weingarten, N. (2017). PCAOB requests comment on reproposal to significantly change the auditors report. Pwc.com.

PhD Programmes and Distance Learning

In today's contemporary ultra-competitive job market, it should come as little surprise that an increasing amount of adults are choosing to undertake a PhD to enhance the job prospects. The opportunities available to undergraduates are far greater than even a decade ago. The advances in technological innovation have lead to an influx of online undergraduate PhD programmes being undertaken. This trend is reflective of our contemporary society. Many of us balance work and home commitments. Online learning is one of the most effective ways to better our education without committing to, potentially, years without an income. Online undergraduate programmes allow students to download and upload coursework and have access to professors, without being confined to a classroom structure week after week. A large percentage of universities hold accredited statuses for a wealth of online courses. This basically means that the PhD that you obtain via distance learning is just as valued as PhD's that entail programmes of study on-site. This flexible option appeals to a wealth of people. From those with small children to look after to people that work on a full-time basis, yet yearn for better career prospects. The Benefits of Distance Online Learning are further outlined below: Classes can be attended anywhere. You don't need to routinely come to a university campus. Learning can be achieved anywhere, providing that you have access to the internet. Studying at home, at work, or anywhere with computer access is open to anyone. Online courses are designed for student-centric learning. You decide the manner in which you'd like to learn. Each of the courses and study materials are available 24 hours a day, seven days a week. This offers a level of flexibility that simply is afforded by those that chose to study on campus. There is access to take part in group discussions and debates online. Students needn't worry that the independent nature of their learning is completely independent. Interaction is a large part of the syllabus. The ability to learn in this manner hones vital skills that are essential for the workplace – the most obvious being knowledge and experience of computer software. Distance online learning affords you unrestricted use of the internet, and hones students' skills using this resource searching for necessary information. There are a number of benefits to electing to undertake an online distance learning course. If you haven't considered the merits of such learning before, yet are intent on getting your PhD then why not consider this of study.

Character Study - The Inspector from An An Inspector Calls essays

Character Study - The Inspector from An An Inspector Calls essays After watching an Inspector calls, I am sure it is obvious to any one who watches it that the inspector is not what he seems at all. At first you have no suspicions of the Inspector, but as the play gradually moves on it slowly dawns on you that the Inspector might be an impostor. In this essay I am going to write about a few different points, and who the Inspector might be. All of my theories may be correct but we will never know which theory is actually right. The Inspector is obviously as real as all the other characters in body and can eat and drink and is solid. I know that J.B.Priestley became very interested in the fourth dimension and time. That is why I think that the inspector may have gone back in time or there might have been a time slip of some sort to make sure that these people new what they had done. Another theory might be that the Inspector represents truth and is not a real person at all but just a representative of justice. I think that this is a very plausible idea and probably Priestley's own thought. I think that the Inspector gives it away when he gets far too emotional and worked up about things. A real police inspector would not get so involved. Here is an extract from the play, at the end of Act 2 where the Inspector gets too involved: Inspector: "(very sternly) Her position now is that she lies with a burnt-out inside on a slab. (As Birling tries to protest, turns on him.) Don't stammer and yammer at me again, man. I'm losing all patience with you people. What did he Say? Here the Inspector gets to emotional about such a small thing. I also think that a real police inspector would treat Birling with more respect. It is true what Birling says about him being a public man and telling the chief of police because he is a friend. Here is an extract were the Inspector treats Birling with disrespect; it is near the beginning of Act 2: Sheila: (urgently, cutting in) You mustn't try to build up a kind o...

Business Management -----motivation and leadership for one of the Essay

Business Management -----motivation and leadership for one of the campany - Essay Example But McDonald’s sustained itself because of its willingness to innovate and its efforts to attain consistency in the operations of its many outlets. McDonalds business model has been largely responsible for its success. But there is no doubt that its leadership style and its endeavor to identify and develop leadership competencies has equally helped it to achieve success around the world. At McDonald’s maximizing business performance, coaching and communication, improving the performance of teams are the key leadership competencies. The leadership style is a mix of leadership styles with a mix of components of hard skills such as maximizing business performance and soft skills such as coaching and communication that are soft skills. The company is aware that leadership skills must change with changing business circumstances. Hence the management is constantly surveying the external and internal business environment to ensure that the company’s leadership style reflects the current business needs and environment. The philosophy practiced at McDonald’s is to select the most successful features of established leadership and management styles and incorporate them into their business model. This approach seems to have worked when you consider McDonald’s success around the world. The management style has aspects of various management and leadership styles amalgamated into one approach for leading and motivating the organisation. Its approach has features taken from management styles outlined by Maslow, Taylor and Herzberg and the Democratic style of leadership. McDonald’s business model is represented by the â€Å"three-legged stool†. The success of the company is because of the strong alignment forged between the Company, its employees and its franchisees that own and operate the majority of the Company’s restaurants and suppliers who provide the food and packaging. This model focuses on open relationships between the three. The company

(A)- Organisation Should have a means of classifying, ranking, and Essay

(A)- Organisation Should have a means of classifying, ranking, and selecting information systems development projects. Discuss - Essay Example Furthermore, potential benefits refers to the extent to the project is seen as improving profits, customer service and the duration of these benefits. Resource availability involves the amount and types of resources that the project needs based on their availability. Moreover, project size or duration may include the number of individuals and time required to ensure that the project is complete. Lastly, technical difficulty or risk involves the level of technical difficulty to complete and compile the project successfully as expected (‘Planning’ 2013, p.104). All these techniques when considered, the classification and ranking of the project will be successful. But â€Å"one should balance all these factors between short term, high benefits versus high savings costs† (Dubey 2011, p.52). Feasibility analysis simply refers to the viability of an idea (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.2). This study helps in previewing the potential outcomes to enable us continue or not (Katimu neetorn 2008, p.3) and some of the factors that are used to evaluate the feasibility of the proposed project are economic, technical, operational, schedule, legal and contractual, and political factors. Economic feasibility involves the economic viability of the proposed system and it involves cost-benefit analysis (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.1). All costs including fixed and variable costs and benefits such as cost savings, increased revenue or increased profit of the proposed project should be evaluated keenly (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.7). Intangible costs include hardware, software or labour costs, but intangible cots include operational inefficiency and loss of goodwill (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.7). Most projects are approved only if they cover their costs within a given period. On the contrary, some projects can be approved based on intangible benefits like those associated with the government regulations or image of the organization. In addition, technical feasibility is determined by th e possibility that the organization has in obtaining necessary resources. â€Å"Assessing technical feasibility is to evaluate whether the new system will perform adequately or whether the organization is able to construct a proposed system or not† (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.12). Technical feasibility is manifested when required hardware and software are available in the market place or can be developed within the required time. More so, operational feasibility refers to the ability, desire and willingness of the stakeholders to use, support, and operate the proposed information system and it is important to clarify whether the proposed system will solve the business problems, take advantage of the opportunities or not (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.13). Actually, these people are interested in those information systems, which are very easy to operate, accurate, produce the desired information, and fit with the organizational objectives. Furthermore, schedule feasibility involves assessi ng the duration of the project, that is, time covered for it to be completed and be useful (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.14). System analysts have to consider how long the system will take to develop and consider whether the deadlines are mandatory or compulsory (Katimuneetorn 2008, p.14). Legal feasibility shows whether the proposed system conflicts with the legal requirements or not since a project may face

The Creation Of The Spitfire History Essay

The Creation Of The Spitfire History Essay In 1931 the Royal Air Ministry issues a specification for a new modern fighter plane, which was to be both agile in combat as well as fast, included in the specification was the requirement of a top speed of 251mph. R.J. Mitchell, chief designer at Supermarine Aviation at the time, replied to this specification with his first initial prototype The type 224 was a huge disappointment. After the initial reaction to this plane was received Mitchell and his design team then began to design a radical new plane, The type 300 this plane was also rejected. However the design team of Mitchell continued to develop the plane and added new features into the plane such as; ( The Supermarine S6B 1931 ) An enclosed cockpit, oxygen breathing apparatus. Smaller and thinner wings and the newly developed more powerful rolls Royce PV-XII V-12 engine (1,Wikipedia, November 3rd ). This developed design was accepted by the Air Ministry. On the 1st of December the Ministry issued  £10,000 for the construction of the first Spitfire and the next specification was written based on Mitchells design on January 3rd 1935. On March 5th 1936 the first prototype spitfire took its maiden voyage (2,Wikipedia, November 3rd). After the first test flights went well, the spitfire was then issued for manufacture. One of the biggest icons of aviation was to be placed in massed production; Further official trials were held in May 1936, and in June the Royal Air Force placed a production order for 310, by which time the new fighter had been dubbed the Spitfire. (3. Taylor, Patrick 2010) After this initial order the Spitfires the pilots then began to there training on how to fly them, from here the Spitfire also became the plane which was loved by its pilots. The Creator and Design team R.J Mitchell was a chief designer at Supermarine Aviation before undertaking the challenge of the Air Ministry specification. Although R.J Mitchell was influence during the prototyping of the plane and was highlighted as the creator of the spitfire he died from illness in 1937 and the project taken on by Supermarines new Chief Designer, Joseph Smith. Mitchell never got to see the achievement that his creation would achieve. After Mitchells untimely death Smith and the design team continued to develop the Spitfire during the Second world war and unlike other planes of this period such as the hurricane. Mitchells design was so sound that the Spitfire was continually improved through the second world war whereas its contemporary, the hawker hurricane quickly became obsolete. Over 22,000 Spitfires and derivatives were built. (4,Wikipedia November 4th) Mitchells design was also so robust that the spitfire was redesigned and adjusted to suit many different situations. Out of all these variations the most famous was the Seafire, This plane was adjusted to fly off airplane carriers. Early marks of Seafire had relatively few modifications to the standard Spitfire airframe; however cumulative front line experience meant that most of the later versions of the Seafire had strengthened airframes, folding wings, arrestor hooks and other modifications (5, Wikipedia, November 4th ) The Supermarine Spitfire The Supermarine spitfire is a single seating fighter aircraft that was used mainly in the British RAF. The Spitfire was designed as a short-range high-performance interceptor aircraft (6,Wikipedia November 4th) in conjunction with the Hawker Hurricane they were the basis of Britons air defence against any attacks. However the Supermarine Spitfire was also used for other tasks in the RAF, these would range from interceptor, photo-reconnaissance, fighter-bomber, carrier-based fighter, and trainer. ( 7,Wikipedia, November 4th) The versatility of the spitfires design allowed this to be done. The main event from were the Spitfire began to build its reputation as one of the greatest planes invented was during the battle of Briton off the cliffs of Dover. In the summer and autumn of 1940. (The Supermarine Spitfire in flight ) The German air force aimed attacks at factories, airfields, shipping centres such as Portsmouth were also targeted. The spitfire was one of the main reasons why the British Air forces won the Battle of Britain which highlighted it as a design icon in the future years. After the Battle Of Britain the Spitfire became the backbone of the RAF. And also saw action worldwide due to how successful and well they flew. As the war further progressed different versions of the spitfire were adapted for different missions and conditions. Up to 24 different variations of the spitfire were produced and 20,351 were produced in the 10 year period in which they were manufactured from 1938 to 1948, (8,Wikipedia, November 7th). The spitfire is the only plane that was built, before, during and after the second world war (9,EzineArticles, November 7th). All the spitfires were built to a certain specification and these could be adjusted and altered depending on the situation that the planes may face. The spitfire helped to save a huge number of lives in the period in which it served, regardless of which mission it undertook. R.J. Mitchell and his team had designed and developed one of the solutions that helped to win the second world war for Great Britain and the allying countries. The origin of the Spitfire and its production: The Supermarines were assembled in the west midlands in Castle Bromwich , this factory was equipped with the most specialist equipment available so that all Supermarines that were rolled out of this factory were flyable. It is estimated that this factory cost the government a total of  £2,000,000 however by the beginning of 1939 it was believed the factory may of cost double this. By the time production had finished at Castle Bromwich a total of 12,129 spitfires had been made.(10,Wikipedia, November 24th). However, the making of these planes was not the simple process in which the British government had hoped. As part of a plan to remove Britain of all its prized war resources German Luftwaffe ( The Germans version of the fighter plane during the war) attempted a vast number of air raids in hope of destroying the factories in the Southampton area. The two main factories here Woolston and Ichten provided the bulk of the airplane parts for the Castle Bromwich factory. On September 26th both factories were successfully bombed and wrecked with the loss of 92 lives, and many of the experienced work force injured. (11,Wikipedia, November 24th ) Knowing the inevitable would happen and the factories would be destroyed 6 days prior to the factories being bombed the British government dispersed and relocated many of the jigs and machinery used. The jigs and machinery were relocated to different parts of Southampton. These different parts and workshops became well known for being able to produced individual parts for the spitfire. The four most well known towns with satellite access were: Southampton and Eastleigh Airport Salisbury with High Post and Chattis Hill aerodromes Trowbridge with Keevil aerodrome Reading with Henley and Aldermaston aerodromes (12,Wikipedia 24th November) Without these factories the Spitfires production would not of been to the scale which it achieved. With careful guidance and supervision from the British government, who also funded the factories, the production of parts and the planes themselves were able to also avoid the attacks of the German air force. What made the spitfire a design icon: The spitfires design is noted as the main factor to making it a globally known design icon, one of the most known points of this was the Elliptical wing design. The elliptical wing design was aimed to solve two problems that arose during the designing of the spitfire in 1934, these problems revolved around the need for the wings to be thin, to help with manoeuvrability, as well as ensuring that it doesnt cause too much drag when the airplane is in flight. This provided a stern challenge for Mitchell and his design team with the added knowledge that the wings must be able to carry any extra ammunition and equipment. A feature of the wing which contributed greatly to its success was an innovative spar boom design, made up of five square tubes which fitted into each other.'(13,Wikipedia November 24th). This design allowed for incredible balance and strength in the wings. With the basis of the wings created the design team continued to test and modify during the war. They experimented wi th different angles of which the wings would be set at, and different tips which would be placed on the edge of the wings. A thin cross section on the wings allowed for a faster speed than all of the other contemporary planes at the time'(14,Wikipedia November 24th) . The RAF saw speed as the best form of defence against the attacking German Luftwaffe. Another of the spitfires features was how easily it could be developed adjusted and changed for different missions or conditions that the RAF may need the plane for. In its lifespan 24 different variations of models based upon the Spitfire Supermarine were created due to the design being so successful in terms of flying ability. One of the main reason the spitfire gained fame was how well they flew, the pilots of the second world war adored the spitfire for this reason. (Supermarine Spitfire in flight) The influence of the creation of the Spitfire Supermarine The main influence behind the creation of the Spitfire was the main planes in the German air force, the Messerschmitt Bf 109E and the Luftwaffe. The British government and the RAF saw these planes as a huge threat to Britain and a threat which the Hurricane (The British fighter plane before the spitfire) could not handle on its own. After issuing a specification on a new fighter plane , the British Government gave the engineers and designers of Britain the chance to provide a solution. Which R. J. Mitchell took up and created the spitfire it was a huge leap for British aviation design. The Supermarine type 224 was the first plane and design that Mitchell submitted to the British government. Although this design failed and disappointed it was the basis of the Supermarine Spitfire. After many Cleaned up designs and alterations the improved Supermarine Spitfire was accepted by the British governments and was then placed under test flying after an initial trial order was established. There was no previous plane that the spitfire based its design upon, it was designed by Mitchell and his team from the beginning until the first successful test flight and the further developments during the war, Although Mitchell was not to see his creation fly as he died during the testing process in 1937. What influence the Spitfire had on design. From the Spitfires initial design it helped to influence aviation in a whole new way. Many different variations of the Spitfire were created by the RAF for different missions and conditions. After the war had come to an end the spitfires were still placed into production as RAFs across the world used spitfires as there signature planes until they were placed out of service. The Spitfire also placed belief that British design was able of achieving great things and after the war the world of design took an upwards spiral due to belief in the designers of Britain. The influence of the Spitfire in terms of aviation was also notable, aviation designers paid more attention to the balance and handling of the plane, one notable factor was most aviation designers copied the spitfires wing pattern to increase both speed and stability. The influence of the spitfire was huge as it became a national and worldwide icon it helped aviation to reach new levels and develop further and faster than ever before. Due to the spitfire planes designers could place planes onto air craft carriers which could be designed to withstand long haul flights and carry the needed fuel. The Seafire was an example to this. Conclusion:

2pac Shakur :: essays research papers

Tupac Shakur grew up around nothing but self-delusion. His mother, Alice Faye Williams, thought she was a "revolutionary." She called herself "Afeni Shakur" and associated with members of the ill-fated Black Panther Party, a movement that wanted to feed school kids breakfast and earn civil rights for African Americans. During her youth she dropped out of high school, partied with North Carolina gang members, then moved to Brooklyn: After an affair with one of Malcolm X's bodyguards, she became political. When the mostly white United Federation of Teachers went on strike in 1968, she crossed the picket line and taught the children herself. After this she joined a New York chapter of the Black Panther Party and fell in with an organizer named Lumumba. She took to ranting about killing "the pigs" and overthrowing the government, which eventually led to her arrest and that of twenty comrades for conspiring to set off a race war. Pregnant, she made bail and told her husband, Lummuba, it wasn't his child. Behind his back she had been carrying on with Legs (a small-time associate of Harlem drug baron Nicky Barnes) and Billy Garland (a member of the Party). Lumumba immediately divorced fer. Things went downhill for Afeni: Bail revoked, she was imprisoned in the Women's House of Detention in Greenwich Village. In her cell she patted her belly and said, "This is my prince. He is going to save the black nation." By the time Tupac was born on June 16, 1971, Afeni had already defended herself in court and been acquitted on 156 counts. Living in the Bronx, she found steady work as a paralegal and tried to raise her son to respect the value of an education. From childhood, everyone called him the "Black Prince." For misbehaving, he had to read an entire edition of The New York Times. But she had no answer when he asked about his daddy. "She just told me, 'I don't know who your daddy is.' It wasn't like she was a slut or nothin'. It was just some rough times."When he was two, his sister, Sekyiwa, was born. This child's father, Mutulu, was a Black Panther who, a few months before her birth, had been sentenced to sixty years for a fatal armored car robbery. With Mutulu away, the family experienced hard times. No matter where they moved-the Bronx, Harlem, homeless shelters-Tupac was distressed. "I remember crying all the time.

Effects of Growing Up in a Dysfunctional Family Essay

When some people look back on their childhood they see happy times full of family memories, traditions, love, and encouragement. When I look back on my childhood I remember drug abuse, visiting my step father in jail, going without utilities, and playing the role of a mother at the age of eight. I knew I was different from other children. I knew that my parents depended on me to play the role of an adult. They depended on me to get up every morning and get my brother and sister on the school bus. I knew they depended on me to go straight home from school every day so I could babysit. I would wake my mom up for work so she could work two jobs to support us and then I would cook dinner. Homework, friends, and things I wanted came last and I knew I didn’t have a choice. Indeed, my family was, and is, dysfunctional. What is dysfunction? Dictionary. com defines dysfunctional as any malfunctioning part or element. Dysfunction contains many aspects of unhealthy relating. Unhealthy relating can include such things as manipulation, using guilt or anger as motivation and at its most severe, abuse, including verbal, physical, and sexual abuse. Dysfunction is something that is passed down from generation to generation until it is implemented into the family. From family to family there are different levels of dysfunction which span from mild dysfunction, to moderate dysfunction, and even severe dysfunction. A child growing up in a mildly dysfunctional environment tends to have an easier time fitting into society and functioning normally in life and their life may not be effected at all. One example of a mild dysfunction is a parent treating a child like an adult or making the child take care of the adult either emotionally or physically. The adult treats the child as if they were an equal rather than a child. This results in the child having difficulties later in life in relationships getting their own needs met. This comes from having to give up a lot of these needs as a child to take care of the parent. An example of moderate dysfunction in a family is having a parent who is an alcoholic or drug addict. Because the child sees this on a regular basis, these behaviors are deemed to be â€Å"normal† or â€Å"accepted† behavior. The parents’ drug and alcohol abuse increases the risk of a child abusing drugs or alcohol causing a strain in the child’s relationships later in life. Parents who use drugs tend to become emotionally absent and may, under the influence, scare the child, and may consistently disappoint the child. Severe dysfunction is the highest level of dysfunction. This occurs when a parent physically or sexually abuses the child on a regular basis, which severely damages the child on many levels. Children who grow up in these environments tend to need a lot of help and lengthy treatment to heal. Some children are not able to heal at all and without help, the patterns of abuse are likely to be passed down to the next generation. Along with different levels of dysfunction there are specific roles each person in the family plays. There is the dependent, the enabler, the hero, the scapegoat, the lost child, and the mascot. The only exception is the only child. An only child tends to take on multiple roles, at the same time or alternating between roles. Because of this, the only child tends to have a great deal of confusion and overwhelming pain. The dependent is the spouse that causes the family problems. The dependent, also known as the problem spouse, has a serious problem and it impacts every other member of the family and is taken care of by every member of the family. The enabler is the spouse that allows the dependent to continue his or her actions so that the dependent does not have to face consequences of his or her own actions. The enabler feels angry and resentful about having to pick up the slack of the dependent; they feel powerless to do anything to stop it. The enabler feels that they should act this way because without them holding everything together the family will fall apart. Since the family’s survival is dependent on the enabler, they may pay the cost of stress-related illnesses, never having his or her own needs met, and be a sufferer for the cause of the family. Ironically, because the enabler permits the dependent’s behavior, they are also preventing the corrective experience that crisis brings, which may be the only thing that stops the dependents downward spiral. The hero is usually the oldest child. They are also named as â€Å"the good child† or â€Å"the caretaker†. The hero takes on the role of a parent and feels responsible for the emotional health of the family. The hero is characteristically an over-achiever and over-responsible. The family looks at the hero’s as a source of humility and honor, and it makes the family feel as if they are doing well. The hero may do well in school and be good at sports and obtain good employment while inside the hero suffers from feelings of insufficiency, failure, or guiltiness. These feelings derive from thoughts that no matter how well the hero does, it will not heal the wounds of their family. The hero’s obsessive drive to accomplish something may lead to stress-related illness as well as compulsive over working. Since the hero tries so hard to do well, he or she often obtains a great deal of positive attention. However, inwardly, the hero feels empty and unable to express their true feelings. The second born usually plays the role of the scapegoat and is also known as â€Å"the problem child†. The scapegoat is characteristically the trouble maker and is blamed for the majority of the family’s problems. He or she acts out in anger or defiance because of the built up feelings they harvest inside because all the families attention goes toward the dependent or the hero and they are being ignored. The scapegoat often gets labeled as the family’s problem because of their experimentation with alcohol, drugs, promiscuous sexuality, involvement in adolescent gangs, or criminal activity. It is often the difficulty of the scapegoat that leads the family into treatment or counseling. Along with drug or alcohol abuse, the scapegoat’s acting out may bring with it early pregnancy when they are not prepared, or incarceration. The irresponsible attitude and hostility tends to lead them to acts of violence against themselves or others. This defiance affects their opportunity to obtain adequate income leading them into outright criminality to earn a living. The scapegoat has lost touch with their morality, casting them in the role of a rebel. The characteristically shy, lonely, isolated child is dubbed as the lost child. The lost child feels like an outsider and feels like their parents and siblings ignore them. The lost child removes themselves from the chaos of their family, often engaging in their own fantasy world. The lost child has trouble identifying themselves and discovering who they are. They are often confused about their sexual identity and have weak communication skills and difficulties with intimacy. The only way the lost child knows how to seek attention is by wetting the bed, and getting sick with asthma or allergies. They take care of themselves by easing their pain with overeating, or drowning their problems with alcohol or drug abuse. Low self-esteem usually ends all attempts of achievement. The lost child often has few friends and has trouble finding a marriage partner later in life. Instead, he or she tends to comfort their lack of intimate relationships with pets or other material possessions. The lost child is often stuck in his or her own isolation preventing them from getting professional help. Clowning and hyperactivity are the main characteristics of the mascot who is often the youngest child. The mascot attempts to be the center of attention, or tries to make the family feel better through his or her comical relief. They use their comic efforts as a defense mechanism. Even though the mascot is protected from tribulations of life, they still feel intense anxiety and concern. Because the family tends to try to protect the mascot, he or she is often unprepared and immature when they grow into adulthood. The only way they know how to deal with problems is to change the subject or by fooling around. Since the mascot uses comedy frequently, they are rarely taken seriously and are often a subject or subjected to criticism or rejection. The mascot may develop a learning disability because of struggling with concentration and focusing in school. They tend to be unaware of their feelings because they fear their own emotions. Since the mascot fears their own inner feelings, it prevents them from getting the help they need; often leading to intense depression and even suicide. Growing up in a dysfunctional family changes a child’s outlook on life. It changes the way they grow up, the way they act, and the way they view normal behaviors. Children in a dysfunctional family miss necessary milestones in growing development to prepare them for adulthood. They, in other words, grow up too fast. Children of severely dysfunctional families are often subjected to sexual abuse becoming the substitute spouse for the parent of the opposite sex. Children of dysfunctional families have their boundaries violated by their parents. Children either do not have any freedom or too much freedom. When a child grows up in a physical or sexual abusing family their physical boundaries are desecrated leading them to not being able to set boundaries in adult relationships. When a parent is intoxicated most of the time it creates confusion about which behaviors are appropriate and which are not. Children growing up seeing these kinds of behavior on a daily basis see these behaviors as normal. These children of dysfunctional families grow into teenagers with more emotional problems. Many of them end up using drugs severely or turn to alcohol. Teenagers who were sexually abused, or molested, have a tendency to have many sexual partners because they were forced to have sex as a child, they have a conscience thought that they cannot say no. Many teenagers from a dysfunctional family try to escape the realities and runaway to try to find a better life. They in fact find prostitution, drug use, and some even find death. Females from a dysfunctional family triple the chance of having a baby before the age of twenty. When children from a dysfunctional family grow up they become adults. These adults can lead their lives in one of two directions: either role with the dysfunction and not try to stop it and raising their children the same way, or they can fight it and try to change it to keep it from spreading to the next generation. When someone chooses to not fight it, they inflict the same pain on their children as they had experienced without truly realizing it. Since they saw dysfunction their whole lives they feel like it is normal and there is no problem with it. When someone chooses to overcome it, they inflict a great deal of stress on themselves. Some participate in counseling, or therapy, and some try to fight it on their own. Some people may not be able to completely erase the dysfunction. It may take generation after generation to change. For example, someone from a severely dysfunctional family may try to change the dysfunction in their own family but, in fact, only change to a moderately dysfunctional family. Then someone from a moderately dysfunctional family may only be able to change it to a mild dysfunction in their own family. It takes generations of work to change the ways of the family. There are many ways, many different routes people can take to try to overcome the dysfunction they have dealt with throughout their childhood. Many try counseling or therapy. Some just try to fight their way through it. Either way there are many ways to overcome it and change your life. It takes drive and fight to change patterns of dysfunction but with work and determination it is possible. I grew up in a family of severe dysfunction. I am twenty five years old and have seen more than anyone else I know my age. I played the role of the hero, the lost child, and the replacement spouse. I have dealt with more than I should have at any age. But after all this, I know I can and will do better for my family. In my opinion, anything can be overcome, anything can be changed. There are so many ways for a family to be dysfunctional and so many different roles for a child who deals with that kind of pain. Everything can be overcome and changed for the better. Children from a dysfunctional family do endure a great deal of pain and it changes their lives forever.

Thin Layer Chromatography Analysis Of Analgesic Drugs

Experiment 2 Thin Layer Chromatography analysis of analgesic drugs Miten Patel Chemistry 3201 Date 2-2-2017 Objective: To Find the composition of a series of over the counter painkillers using TLC. Chemical Equation: N/A Chemical Mechanism: N/A Safety Considerations: †¢ All Students must wear goggles when dealing with the chemicals in the lab, and wear gloves to protect their skin from the chemicals used. †¢ The capillary tubes are fragile and sharp. For clean-up, the chemicals can be disposed of down the drain. Back ground Thin layer chromatography In this lab, we were working with pain reliever drugs. Which we need to identify by TLC method. In chromatography, a partitioning occurs between a mobile phase and†¦show more content†¦Which is going to be Aspirin and Acetaminophen. 3. Prepare a TLC chamber using a 250 ml clean and dry beaker. Then put a filter paper in beaker horizontally and add 15ml ethyl acetate containing 0.5% acetic acid. (The reason is put paper horizontally, when we put our alcohol in beaker so paper can stick with it). Cover the beaker. 4. Place the plate in TLC chamber and allow the solvent to run plate to about 1cm from the top. When solvent run above 1cm on plate take that plate out from chamber and drew a line with pencil. 5. Then see your plate in UV lights (short wavelength) and circle all what you see in UV lights. 6. Place your plate in iodine chamber for 2 to 3 minutes then make sure all your circle and calculate retention factor (Rf) value with the help of equation above. And stick plates in our notebook. Rf = Distance traveled by the sample (cm) Distance traveled by the solvent (cm) For unknown 7. I have no 54 unknown sample to identify which is in solid form. In the given sample add 50/50 mixture of ethanol and methylene chloride. Stair it and mix it well. Allow some time to mix it well so insoluble fraction can dissolved properly. 8. Spot the mixture by using capillary on TLC plate like we did on the first part. Prepare TLC chamber with filter paper and ethyl acetate. Put your TLC plate in chamber and allow it to run plate above 1cm at top. Mark the position. 9. Check your plate in UV lights. Circle all spot calculate the value of Rf with help ofShow MoreRelatedPRACTICAL REPORT ON THE ISOLATION AND IDENTIFICATION OF CODEINE AND PARACETAMOL1201 Words   |  5 Pagesidentify in comparison to standards using Thin Layer Chromatography. INTRODUCTION: Codeine or methyl morphine, an alkaloid, was first isolated in 1832 from raw opium. It concentration ranges from 0.2% to 0.8%. Mostly used for its analgesic, anti-tussive and anti-diarrheal capabilities (Tremlett, Anderson and Wolf, 2010). Paracetamol also known as acetaminophen (n-acetyl-p-aminophenol, APAP) on the other hand, is a useful non- steroidal anti- inflammatory drug (NSAID). 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